System of electrical distribution.



J. L. WOODBRIDGE. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION- APPLIOATION FILED D110. 6, 1909. 1,033.509. Patented July 23,1912.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' JOSEPH L. WOODBRIDGE. OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

' sYs'r' m or ELECTRICAL prs'rnmu'rxon.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Joseru L. loon- BRIDGE, a citizen of. the United-States, and a resident of Philadelphia, in the countycf Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania,

have invented'a certain new and useful S'yschaser is required to pay an additional sum if his average load for a period of one hour, asdeterminedhy hourly readings of an integrating wattmeter, exceeds a predetermined amount. The load may exceed this amount for a portion of the hour without involving any penalty provided that during the balance of the hour the load is sutlicien tly reduced to bring the entire average within the specified limit. In such case a storage battery may be installed to take all of the load in excess of the predetermined limit. lf, however, the loadduring the first half of the hour should be above this limit,

' while during the second half it is below the limit, the storage battery would have been called upon to discharge unnecessarily during the first half hour. I

The object of the present invention is to provide means for relieving the storage hat tery of this unnecessary work.

In general the apparatus includes a stor-.

age battery which during ti first portion of any given period of til. 1 is normally floating on the system, or may be charging or discharging, but this average charge or discharge is not controlled by the variations of load. A device, however, is provided which does take into aecountthe difference between the average load on the generating apparatus and; the predetermined limit in such a war that if the average is, above this limit during the first part of the period mentioned this device will fix the averagefor the second part of the period at a point sufficiently below that limit to bring the average for the entire period of time within Patented July 23, 1912.

Application filed December 6, 1909. Serial No. 531,617.

1 said limit. During the second part ,of the period the battery is automatically caused to dischargeto maintain the average load below'thepoint fixed by thedeviee above mentioned operating in response to the average load during the first partof the period.

Myinvention will he more clearly understoodby reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure, 1, showsone embodiment of the invention, and Fig.1 2, shows amodification.

In Fig. 1', G is a generator supplying current to the circuit 1 2, having a variable load L. A storage battery B with its booster E is conncctd across the Circuit 12. The field F of the booster E is controlled by the double pole rheostat R this rheostat the amount and, direction of current in the field F according to the position of the arm T. This arm is. normally held against an adjustable stop J by meansof a spring S, but may be rotated awayfrom this stop by a' worm gear 0 and a magnetic clutch K. .VVhen the arm is rotated in this direction it will sen'd current through the field F of the booster E in the direction to cause the hattery to discharge. \Vhen the arm of the rheoistat R} is drawn against the stop the currentin the field F may be such as to cause the battery either to charge or discharge or to fioataccording to the adjustment of the stop J. The magnetic clutch K is energized by a coil 3 connected across the circuit 1-2 b v means of conductors 5 and 8. In he latter is inserted an interrupting device consisting of a. conducting disk C, part of whose periphery is covered by insulating material D. This disk is driven at constant speed by clock work of anysuitable design indicated at A. The effect of this will be to couple the'shaft \V to the motor M for a part of the revolution of the disk C, while during the rest of the revolution the shaft W will be uncoupled and the arm T will be drawn back against the stop J.

The armature of the motor M is supplied whose amount may be adjusted by the rheostat R whose resistance is so large that the resultant current going through the ar1na ture is substantially constant. This motor I is provided with two field windings F and being arranged in the usual manner to vary the shaft V driven by the motor M through with current derived from the circuit 12,

F. the former being connected across a re sistance V in the circuit 2 so as to provide excitation proportional to the load on the generator G. The field winding F is connected in shnnt across the circuit 1 -2 and the current in this winding is controlled by the rheostat R. The excitations produced by the fieldwindings F and F are opposed to each other and whenever they are equal there will be no resultant field and the motor M will be at rest. If the excitation of,F exceeds that of F the motor will rotate in one direction while if is less, the motor will rotate in the o posite direction, Whenever the clutch K is in operation the friction ofthe motor M will be transmitted to the 'arm T bht very slowly as compared with the fluctuations of load on the generator G. If; therefore; the average ralue of these fluctuations produces an excitation in I equal to that in F there will be practically no change in the position of the arm T. If, however; the average effect of F is greater than F the arm T will gradually be moved in the direction to cause the battery to dischargeor increase its rate of discharge until the generator G is relieved of a .sutilcieint amount of load to produce a balance between F and F when the arm T will come to rest. orbe moved so slightly in either direction by the fluctuations of current in F above and below the average that the [fractlcz'll result. will be the same as if the arm T were acttltllly at rest. The effect of the apparatus thus far described is to bring the load on the generator G to an average value, which is determined by the excitation of the field winding F 3 whenever the magnetic clutch K is operative: The excitation of the field winding F is determined by the position ot the arm T of the rheostat R. This arm is driven by a worm gear operated by a motor M The armature of this ino= tot. is supplied with current by connection a-.rcss the circuit 1-2, this current being adjustable by means of a rh eostat. B. whose rerstance is so la!" e that the resultant current g ng through t 1e armature is substantially ,stant. The motor is provided with two ie,d windings F and F? F being connected across a resistance in the circuit 2 and carrying current proportional to the load on the generator G, while F is a shunt winding connected across the circuit 1-5l and adjustable by means of the rheostat- It. This motor will therefore operate in one direction or the other accordin to whether the excitation of the windin of F is greater or less than that of F an will be at rest when these two excitations are equal. A umping device is shown consisting of a conducting disk X mounted on the shaft of the moior M and revolving in the field of the magnet Y. This is designed in the usual manner to cause the speed of the motor to vary in proportion to its ficld'excitation by providing a counter-torque which varies in proportion to the speed. The motor M drives the arm T by means of a magnetic clutch I excited by the coil '4 connected across the circuit 1-9.- The circuit of the coil 4 is completed through a conducting disk H driven by the clock work A. In the periphery of this disk is a short section of iiifsitlating material I which will open this circuit momentarily once in each revolution of the disk. When the clutch K is released the arm T is drawn back to its'normal position by a spring S The (operation of this apparatus will then he as follows: At the beginning of any period of time,- for example. an hour, during which the disks C and H make one complete revolution, the circuit of the coil 4 will be momentarily interrupted and the arm T will be restored to its normal position by the 'spring S this normal position giving an excitation in the field F equal and opposite to the excitation" produced in the field winding 1 by the average load within which it is desired to hold the output of the generator G. After this momentary interi-llption the coil 4 will again be excited and the clutch K encrgircd and the motor M will move the arm T slowly in one direction or the other depending upon whether the' average load on the generator (3'! is greater oi" less than that for which the-excitation of the field has been adjusted. If the average load on the generator G is just equal to the average within which the generator load is to be kept for vthe entire hour, the two field windings F and F will on the :iverage'balam'c each other and the arm T will rcniftln substantially in its normal position. If, however, the avcrage load on the generator is greater than this amount the arm T will be gradually moved to reduce the excitation in the field winding .F. By proper design of the apparatus this re duction of excitation war he made proportional to the excess of average load in ampere hours. During the first half of the one hour period the circuit of the coil of the clutch K will be interrupted by the insulation D and the arm T will be held againstthe stop J. During this time the battery may be either floating or slightly charging if desired. At the end ofthe first half hour the circuit of the coil 3 will be closed and will remain closed for the balance of the one hour period. During the last half hour the motor )I will attempt to UMP e the arm T in one direction or the other according to whether the average load on, the generator G product's an excitation in the winding F greater .or less. than the exc tation of F If the excitation of F is grear er. the arm T will be moved away M 1 from the stop J causing the battery to dis-' charge, and this motion of the arm T will continue until the discharge of the battery has reduced the load on the generator G so as to equalize the excitation of the field windings F and F and the motor M will then come to rest. If the motor attempts to drive the arm T in the opposite direction it will come against the stop J and then the clutch K will slip, no further motion of the arm T being produced. Thus the battery will not be caused to charge in order to maintain the average load at the point fixed by the excitation of F 3 but will be caused to discharge to prevent the average from exceeding this amount. The average load fixed by the excitation of F for the last half of the one hour period will be greater or less than normal according to whether the average load during the first half of the period has been less or greater, this result being produced by the motion of the arm T during the first half of the hour, as described above. Thus the entire load for the whole hour will be prevented from exceeding the normal predetermined amount but may be anything below this amount.

In Fig. 2, the same results are accomplished with a somewhat different combination of apparatus. The battery B with its booster E in series is connected across the circuit 12 in parallel with the generator G the same as in Fig. 1. The field F of the booster is energized by an exciter E whose field F is controlled by the carbon regulator N. This regulator is a well known piece of apparatus consisting of two piles of carbon disks connected in series across the battery terminals with a circuitcontaining the field F connected between a point 10 located in the circuit between the two carbon piles and the middle point-of the battery. By means of a leverpll' the pressure on one set of piles maybe increased and on the other set decreased or vice versa to control the amount and direction of current in the field winding F in the well known manner. The. pressure produced by the lever is controlled by an adjustable spring 5 atone cnd and two cooperating solenoids 12 and 13 at the other cud. The solenoid 1:2 is connected into the conductor 1 and carries the total load on the generator (.r. The solenoid 1.3 is connected across the conductors l2 by way of conductor 14, time switch 15, rheostat It and conductor 16. An adjustable stop J is shown bearing against the underside of the lever 11 so as to offset the tension of the spring S at any desired point. It will be.

seen that with this arrangement 50. long as the combined pull of the solenoids 12 and 13 is less than the tension or" the spring S the latter will hold the lever against the stop J and variations in the current strength in the solenoids will have no effecttrolled by apparatus identical withfthat shown in connection with the rheostat R in Fig. 2. The arm T'- of this rheostat is mounted on a shaft in which is inserted a magnetic clutch I excited by the coil 4. The shaft is driven through the worm gear 0 by means of a motor M The armature of this motor is connected across the circuit l2 in series with a rheostat R* and the motor is provided with two field windings F and F of which the former is connected in parallel with a resistance V connected into the conductor 2, while the latter is connected, across'the circuit 1-2 in series with the rheostat R. A magnetic damping device consisting of a conducting disk X revolving in the field of the magnet Y serves to control the speed. of the motor M The itneswitch 15 is opened and closed by the operation of. the solenoid' ll', the spring .18 and the escapement mechanism Z. The solenoid 17 is connected in series with the coil 4 of the magnetic clutch K across the circuit 12 by way of conductors 19, 20 and 21. In series with conduc tor 21 is' a magnetically operated switch 22 which is.held in a closed position by a spring 23 and is opened when the magnetic coil-24 is excited. The latter coil is arranged to receive an impulse of current once during every hour, or other given period of time, being connected across the circuit 1-2 by means of conductors 25 and 26. Connection betweenconductors 25-26 is made periodically by means of the revolving disk 27 which is operated by clock work indicated at 28 so as to make one revolution during each hour or other period of time determined upon. The disk '27 is made of insulating material but carries a sector '29 of conducting material, which by making contact with a brush 30 completes the circuit between conductor 25 and 26 once each hour. Returning now to the timeswitch 15 it will be seen that whenever the soieneid 17 is energized this latter tends to close the switch. This closing motion is however retarded by the rack 31 which gears with the escapement mechanism 7.

This may be designed with a suitable escapement so as to require any predetermined period of time to elapse before time switch .15 is closed. When the circuit of the solenoid 17 is opened, the spring 18 draws the rack 31 back to its normal position against the stop, 32, the teeth of the rack being so shaped as to permit this.

The operation of this apparatus will then be as follows :At the beginning of each hour the disk 27 operated by the clock work 28 is in such position as to close the circuit oi the magnet coil 24 which will open the switch 22, thus releasing the time switch 17 which will be opened by the spring 18. At the same time the. current in the coil 4' of vthe magnetic clutch K will be interrupted and the arm T of the rheostat R will be drawn back to its normal position by the spring'S-l The circuit of the ma not coil 24 being then immediately ozen by the travel of the disk 27, the swlte 22 will be closed by the spring 98 and the coil land solenoid 17 will again be energized. The time switch 15 will then begin to close but the adjustment of the escapement mechanism Z is such that it will require, say, half an hour to close this switch. During this half hour there will be no current, in the solenoid 13 of the carbon regulator N. During this period, therefore, only the solenoid 12 will act upon the carbon regulator and this regulator will be inoperative until a certain maximum load on the generator is reached, for example, such load as might open any automatic circuit breaker or fuse which may be inserted in the generator circuit. When the load on the generator reaches this point the battery will be caused to discharge to prevent any further increase of load on the generator. During this half hour however the motor M is operating to adjust the setting of the rheostat R as described in connection with Fig. 1. That is,

if the average load'on the generator G produces an excitation in the field F greater than the excitation in the field F the motor will operate in the direction to cut down the resistance of the rheostat R, setting it to permit a current in solenoid 13 greater than the normal when the switch 15 is closed. Upon the closing of the switch 15 at the end of the half hour, the two coils l2 and 13 cooperate for the last half of the hour and because of the current in the coil 13 a much smaller load on the generator will cause the battery to discharge. The greater the current in the coil 13, the smaller will be the current necessary in the coil 12 to bring the carbon rcgi. ator into action so that the amount of current in coil 1? as determined by the setting of the rheostat- It will fix the limit of load on the generator during the flasthalf of the hour. If the average load during the first half of the hour has been leis-Khan normal the motor M? will operate m the opposite direction and increase the 'istancc of the rheostat R and reduce the current'in coil 13 during the lasthalf thus permitting aigreater load to fall on the generator l3." etore the carbon regulator "comes into action.'

It will be obvious that changes may be made in the details without altering-the spirit of the invention.

What I claim theaeicre and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

I 1 1h zo'mbination an electric circuit and its source, a storage battery operatively arranged with respect to the circuit, and apparatus responsive to the load on the source and adapted to control the division of load between the battery and the source during a predetermined period of time in response to the average load on the source during a prior period of time.

2. In combination an electric circuit and its source. a storage battery operatively arranged with respect to the circuit. and apparatus responsive to the load on the source and adapted to cause during a p edcter= mined period of time a division of load between ill'lu battery and the source determined by the average load on the source during a prior perio iii time.

3. In combination an'electric circuit and its source, a storage battery operatively arranged withrespect to the circuit, two con trolling devices whereof the first is adapted to control the battery operation and is responsive to departures of load on the source from a. value fixed by the second while the second is adapted to adjust the first device with respectto said value and is responsive to departures of average load from a predetermined value, and means for preventing the first controlling device from aii'ecting the battery operation during a given period of time and permitting it to ail'ectsaid operation durin a subsequent period.

4 In a sys em of electrical distribution the combination of a generating source and a storage battery with means adapted to cause the battery to discharge during a redetermined art of a given period of me to prevent tie average load 0 the source for the entire period from exceeding a pre determined amount.

5,111 combination an electric circuit and its source, a storage battery operatively arranged with respect to the circuit, two controlling devices whereof the first is adapted to control the battery operation and is responsive to departures ofload on the source from a value fixed by the second while the second is adapted to adjust the first device with respect to said value and is responsive to departures of average load from a predetermined value, means for preventing the first controlling device from atfecting the battery operation during a given period of time and permitting it to affect said opera tion during a subsequent period, and an adho r;

justable stop to limit: the operation of the tery operation when said load is less than first controlling device in the charging (11- said value, and means for adjusting said rcclion. 1 value for the latter part of a given period (3. In combination an electric circuit and of time, as determined by the average load its source. a storage battery operatively aron the source during the first part of said ranged with respect to the circuit, two conperiod. trolling devices whereof the first is adapted 10. In combination an electric circuit and to control the battery operation and is re its source, a storage battery operatively arsponsive to departures of load on the source ranged with respect to the circuit, means from a value fixed by the second While the for controlling the operation of the battery I second is adapted to adjust the first device and adapted to cause the battery to diswith respect to said value and is responsive charge when the load on the source exceeds to departures of average load from a prea certain value but inoperative to affect the determined value, means for preventing the battery operation when said load is less than second cont-rolling device from affecting said value, means for adjusting said valuethe battery operation during a given period for the latterpart of a given period of time of time and permitting it to affect said opas determined by the average load on the eration during a subsequent period, and a source during the first part of said period, 5

stop to limit the operation of the first conand means for restoring the controlling and trolling device in the charging direction. adjusting means. at the end of s.--id period to 7. In combination an electric circuit and the same adjustment as at the begining of its source, a battery connected to the circuit, said period. I means for controlling the battery charge 11. In combination an electric circuit and and discharge in luding a coil for adjusting its source, a storage battery operatively arthe same. means responsive to departures of ranged with respect to the circuit, a field average load on the source from a prede coil for controlling the operation of the battermined value and adapted tovary the eftery, apparatus including a second coil refect of the adjusting coil. and means for sponsive to load on the source for regulating preventing the adjusting coil from affecting the current in the field coil, means for opthe battery controlling means duringa preposing the effect of said second coil and determined period of time and permitting adapted to balance said effect at a certain said coil to atiect said controlling means point, a stop to limit the effect of the opposduring a subsequent period. ing means, a device for varying the point of 8. In combination an electric circuit and balance between the second coil and the op its source, a battery connected to the circuit, posing means, means responsive to the avermeans for regulating the operation of the age load on the source for adjusting the debattery, a device including two cooperating vice last mentioned, and means for prevent coils for controlling the regulating means, ing any change of adjustment of the said means for transmitting through one of said device from atit'ecting the battery operation coils current varying with the load on the during a predetermined period of time and source, connections for transmitting curpermitting said device to afiect said batrent through the second coil, a. device retery operation during a subsequent period. sponsive to changes of average load on the 12. In a system of electrical distribution, source for adjusting the current strength in the combination of a generating source and the second coil, and means for preventing a storage battery with means adapted to the second coil from affecting the battery cause the battery to discharge in parallel regulating means during a predetermined with the source during part of a given peperiod of time and permitting said coil to riod of time to prevent the average load on act upon said regulating means during a the source for the entire period from exsubsequent period. ceeding a predetermined amount.

9. In combination an electric circuit and In testimony whereof I have hereunto its source. a storage battery operatively arsigned my name. ranged with respect to the circuit, means for JOSEPH L VOODBRIDGE controlling the operation of the battery and adapted to cause the battery to discharge \Vitnesses:

when the load on the source exceeds a cer- Cnrrronn K. Cessna, tain value but inoperative to att'ect the bat- FRANK E. FRENCH.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C. i 

